A newly discovered malware campaign has turned Google Chrome into a remote backdoor without breaking any of the browser’s built-in rules. Spotted in June 2026, the attack arrived in Italian-language phishing emails that looked like standard business invoices.

The email claimed a requested invoice was ready, signed off by an accounting office, and showed what appeared to be a legitimate PDF attachment waiting for download.

The real payload was hiding in plain sight. The downloaded file carried the name Fattura-2819889242.pfd.js, with the unusual extension clearly designed to mimic a PDF filename at a quick glance.

Once a victim ran the file, the Windows Script Host executed an obfuscated JavaScript that dropped two additional files into the user’s temporary folder. From that point, the infection moved fast and stayed hidden from view.

Analysts at D3Lab identified this campaign in a report shared with Cyber Security News (CSN). Their findings revealed that what set this attack apart from typical browser threats was not the phishing email but what the malware installed afterward.

The combination of a rogue Chrome extension and a Native Messaging Host gave attackers a persistent foothold that blended seamlessly into normal system activity.

Attack chain (Source - d3Lab) — Attack chain (Source – d3Lab)

The impact went beyond data theft. Attackers collected browser cookies, open tabs, URLs, and fingerprinting data from infected machines. A stolen authenticated cookie can allow an attacker to hijack an active session without ever needing the victim’s password.

Beyond cookie theft, the malware also worked as a full remote command tool, capable of running PowerShell instructions on the victim’s Windows system.

What makes this campaign particularly worrying is how it misused everyday technologies.

Signed applications, enterprise Chrome policies, and Native Messaging are tools organizations rely on routinely. The attackers combined them in a way that turned standard features into a fully functional attack chain.

Malicious Chrome Extension Uses Native Messaging Host

When the JavaScript file ran, it dropped two files: client_124578.exe and d3d11.dll. The executable was a legitimately signed file linked to EpicGames, making it appear trustworthy to most security tools.

The malicious d3d11.dll was loaded alongside it through DLL side-loading, where a trusted application unknowingly pulls in an attacker-controlled library due to how Windows resolves file dependencies.

The DLL launched a hidden PowerShell process that prepared the Chrome extension and modified Chrome’s enterprise policy settings.

The extension, named Cloud vn105rkj64, was registered under Chrome’s ExtensionInstallAllowlist and ExtensionInstallSources policy keys, making it appear as an admin-approved deployment.

Phishing message (Source - d3Lab) — Phishing message (Source – d3Lab)

This effectively bypassed the prompts that would normally alert a user to a new extension being installed.

Chrome extensions cannot directly run programs on a computer, which is a core part of the browser’s security design. However, Chrome supports Native Messaging, which allows extensions to communicate with a companion application already installed on the system.

The malware registered a Native Messaging Host that bridged the Chrome extension and Windows, letting the extension issue commands that ran entirely outside the browser sandbox.

Command Execution and What the Attackers Collected

Once the backdoor was active, the extension contacted ext2[.]info over HTTPS using POST requests. The first exchange sent a Google cookie, open tabs, URLs, browser language settings, and a victim identifier to the attacker’s server.

This gave attackers enough information to hijack active sessions and profile victims without ever knowing their password.

The attackers later sent a command that listed the full contents of the C drive, with the output returned through the same POST channel.

This confirmed the setup was not just a cookie stealer but a genuine remote-access backdoor. Blocking suspicious PowerShell activity alone would not stop the threat, since the control channel operated entirely inside the browser.

Defenders should audit unexpected Chrome enterprise policy entries, especially ExtensionInstallAllowlist and ExtensionInstallSources on unmanaged systems.

Native Messaging registrations should be cross-checked against approved software. Response teams must also clear the Native Messaging Host, review PowerShell logs, invalidate exposed sessions, and reset any credentials that may have been compromised.

Indicators of Compromise (IoCs):-

Type	Indicator	Description
Email Subject	Fattura #2818999851	Italian invoice lure used in phishing email
Displayed Filename	Fattura-26189991026.pdf	Document shown to victim in the email
Payload Filename	Fattura-2819889242.pfd.js	Obfuscated Windows JavaScript payload
MD5	61f07213f2e54c54ec379714fd211c73	Hash of initial JavaScript payload
SHA-1	d7a2361877b9cd1f4b6ef56f59fb7adec72cc945	Hash of initial JavaScript payload
SHA-256	b11ef9f11c9bb6228582f38a61f4c04dc7160939d8c5b7ee4e467ffde6317f02	Hash of initial JavaScript payload
Dropped Filename	client_124578.exe	Signed application used for DLL side-loading
SHA-256	e77747f06d1d3ee5b8466340a10416874439dd69a7e9cd8653647be7782899b6	Hash of side-loading launcher
Dropped Filename	d3d11.dll	Malicious side-loaded DLL
SHA-256	94f333cba95e76e6b8c0f8831bffc446b5f3c90db2c598c6079a98f1a0ef9701	Hash of malicious DLL
Chrome Extension Name	Cloud vn105rkj64	Malicious Chrome extension name
Chrome Extension ID	gghagmhimhgfeajfdmjkgmmehbokmglg	Allowed extension origin identifier
SHA-256	d05e03173d9c841a28af60f5dda8a7c7a39c0a0d7302ec412ac4638b8f9872a3	Hash of extension CRX package
Native Messaging Host	com.vn105rkj64.tr7qprrt7g	Bridge between Chrome and Windows
C2 Domain	ext2[.]info	Confirmed command-and-control server
IP Address	2.27.5.53	Resolution observed during analysis
C2 Request	POST https://ext2[.]info/time.php?q=ste_jstest2	Exfiltration and command channel
Related Domain	cd-nwlins[.]site	Contacted during execution; returned parked content
Registry Key	HKCU\Software\Policies\Google\Chrome\ExtensionInstallAllowlist	Extension installation policy modified by malware
Registry Key	HKCU\Software\Policies\Google\Chrome\ExtensionInstallSources	Observed value: http://localhost:8080/*
Registry Key	HKCU\Software\Google\Chrome\NativeMessagingHosts\com.vn105rkj64.tr7qprrt7g	Expected registration location for the host

Note: IP addresses and domains are intentionally defanged (e.g., [.]) to prevent accidental resolution or hyperlinking. Re-fang only within controlled threat intelligence platforms such as MISP, VirusTotal, or your SIEM.

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