Google has announced the launch of Agent2Agent Protocol (A2A), a groundbreaking open protocol designed to enable AI agents to communicate with each other, securely exchange information, and coordinate actions across enterprise platforms.

Revealed on April 9, 2025, the protocol marks a significant advancement in agent interoperability, with support and contributions from more than 50 technology partners including Atlassian, Box, Cohere, Intuit, Salesforce, SAP, and ServiceNow, alongside leading service providers such as Accenture, BCG, Deloitte, and KPMG.

Partners contributing to the A2A protocol (Source – Google)

The A2A protocol addresses a critical limitation in current AI agent ecosystems: the inability of agents built by different vendors or frameworks to effectively collaborate.

By establishing a universal communication standard, A2A aims to increase autonomy and multiply productivity gains while lowering long-term costs across enterprise environments.

Google analysts identified that for agentic AI to reach its full potential, agents must be able to work together in dynamic, multi-agent ecosystems across siloed data systems and applications.

The A2A protocol was designed specifically to overcome these challenges based on Google’s internal expertise in scaling agentic systems.

The protocol is built on five key design principles: embracing agentic capabilities that allow agents to collaborate in unstructured modalities, building on existing standards like HTTP and JSON-RPC, ensuring security by default with enterprise-grade authentication, supporting long-running tasks that may take hours or days, and remaining modality agnostic to support text, audio, and video streaming.

Technical Implementation

The technical architecture of A2A facilitates interaction between “client” and “remote” agents through several core mechanisms.

Capability discovery allows agents to advertise their functions via “Agent Cards” in JSON format, enabling client agents to identify and leverage the most suitable remote agents for specific tasks.

The protocol defines a task object with a full lifecycle that can track both immediate and long-running processes, with outputs categorized as “artifacts.”

// Example Agent Card format
{
  "agent_id": "research_assistant",
  "capabilities": ["deep_research", "data_analysis", "document_summarization"],
  "authentication_required": true,
  "supported_modalities": ["text", "image"]
}

The A2A implementation includes a collaboration system where agents exchange messages containing “parts” – discrete content elements with specified formats that enable negotiation of user interface capabilities between agents.

This allows for rich interactions including iframes, video, web forms, and more sophisticated visualization options.

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